Pilots for space tourism

This article sheds light on the key player needed for any space tourism adventure: the pilot who flies the spacecraft. The paper addresses the potential benefits of including a pilot at the controls when designing a space tourism spacecraft. It examines the basic qualifications and advanced skills required of space tourism pilots and discusses key training requirements for selected pilots and space pilots' pay and benefits. In addition, the research concludes that, just as the pioneers of passenger transport in aviation entertained and captured the interest of their passengers, the space pilot should have the skills of a tour guide.     

空间目标轨道确定专家系统

空间目标轨道确定专家系统的面向空间监测需求开发的大型交互式应用软件。它的功能面向空间监测和信息分析中广泛的业务需求，基础是轨道计算软件，数据库支持和一些辅助支持软件。本文详细地介绍了空间目标轨道确定专家系统软件的设计方案。     

RF communications subsystem for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes mission

The NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) mission, currently in Phase B, is a two-spacecraft, Earth-orbiting mission, which will launch in 2012. The spacecraft's S-band radio frequency (RF) telecommunications subsystem has three primary functions: provide spacecraft command capability, provide spacecraft telemetry and science data return, and provide accurate Doppler data for navigation. The primary communications link to the ground is via the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory's (JHU/APL) 18 m dish, with secondary links to the NASA 13 m Ground Network and the Tracking and Data Relay Spacecraft System (TDRSS) in single-access mode. The on-board RF subsystem features the APL-built coherent transceiver and in-house builds of a solid-state power amplifier and conical bifilar helix broad-beam antennas. The coherent transceiver provides coherency digitally, and controls the downlink data rate and encoding within its field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The transceiver also provides a critical command decoder (CCD) function, which is used to protect against box-level upsets in the C&DH subsystem. Because RBSP is a spin-stabilized mission, the antennas must be symmetric about the spin axis. Two broad-beam antennas point along both ends of the spin axis, providing communication coverage from boresight to 70°. An RF splitter excites both antennas; therefore, the mission is designed such that no communications are required close to 90° from the spin axis due to the interferometer effect from the two antennas. To maximize the total downlink volume from the spacecraft, the CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) has been baselined for the RBSP mission. During real-time ground contacts with the APL ground station, downlinked files are checked for errors. Handshaking between flight and ground CFDP software results in requests to retransmit only the file fragments lost due to dropouts. This allows minimization of RF link margins, thereby maximizing data rate and thus data volume.     

Computational fluid dynamics and material processing (buoyancy and thermocapillary convections in melts during directional crystallization)

Modelisation and solution of heat and mass transfer problems relevant for material processing are generally hard to be handled, as they often involve 3D unsteady flows, viscous mixtures, phase changes, moving liquid-solid fronts, deforming liquid-gas interfaces, etc.… For space applications, material processing benefits of reduced buoyancy convection but can be faced to a strongly increased complexity due to variable g, mainly in manned flight.

Computational techniques used to analyse fluid motions in material processing, accounting for free surface, crystallization front and bulk convection in melt, are reviewed with emphasis to directional crystallization. Hydrodynamics stability and bifurcation analysis are shown to be useful complementary tools for correlating data, and for a better understanding of the physical laws. This last point will be illustrated in the case of the onset of oscillations in metallic melts.     

Analysis and design of Cubesat constellation for the Mediterranean south costal monitoring against illegal immigration

Costal monitoring is focused on fast response to illegal immigration and illegal ship traffic. Especially, the illegal ship traffic has been present in media since April 2015, as the number of reported deaths of immigrants crossing the Mediterranean significantly increased. Satellite images provide a possibility to at least partially control both types of events. This paper defines the principal criteria to select the best satellite constellation architecture for maritime and coastal monitoring, filling the gaps of imagery techniques in term of real-time control. The primary purpose of a constellation is to obtain global measurement improving the temporal resolution. The small size and low-cost are the main factors, which make CubeSats ideal for use in constellations. We propose a constellation of 9 Cubesats distributed evenly in 3 different planes. This reduces the revisit time enhancing the coverage duration. In addition, it also allows observing fire, damage on building and similar disasters. In this analysis, the performance criteria were reported such as the revisit time, the vision duration and the area coverage.     

光伏发电系统中高升压比DC-DC变换器

光伏发电作为太阳能的重要应用方式正受到越来越广泛的关注,普遍采用前级DC-DC变换和后级逆变的结构。单相逆变器的输出电压通常为220 V(AC),这就要求前级DC-DC变换器具有很高的升压比。由于单级式DC-DC变换器难以满足要求,本文采用Boost变换器加ZVS全桥直流变压器的两级式结构。针对ZVS全桥直流变压器的不足,将LLC谐振网络应用于全桥直流变压器电路,提出了一种全桥LLC谐振直流变压器,从而实现整个负载范围内开关管的ZVS和整流二极管的ZCS。最后,分别制作了两台1 kW的原理样机进行实验验证,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

组合压气机中导流叶片的尾迹抖动特性

为明确多排叶栅压气机中影响静叶尾迹抖动特性的因素及机理,探索调制静叶尾迹抖动周期和幅值的方法,采用数值方法对设计流量为1.12kg/s,转速为60000r/min的一级轴流和离心叶轮组成的组合压气机的非定常流场进行模拟.结果表明:静叶尾迹抖动除受几何因素影响外,还受上下游转子干涉影响,且上下游转子叶片通过频率的异同将影响静叶尾迹抖动的周期性.当上下游转子叶片同频通过时,改变动叶的时序位置可以调制静叶尾迹抖动幅值的大小.另外,静叶尾迹抖动幅值沿叶高方向并不相同,低叶高处静叶尾迹抖动幅值明显大于中、高叶高处静叶尾迹抖动幅值.      

信号采集卫星系统星地资源快速调度优化方法

针对信号采集卫星系统中,采集目标的优先级和携带的信息量在星地资源调度过程中不断随时间变化的特点,提出了一种基于二次映射编码的动态调度差分演化算法（QMDSDE）。算法将采集目标的优先级和携带的信息量进行加权,作为采集的收益。在迭代求解时,根据卫星可见时间窗口的周期性特点设置固定的检测频率,以当前时刻所有目标收益的平均值和敏感系数的乘积作为检测环境变化的阈值。当检测算子的值大于阈值时,算法通过前向预测模型动态调整搜索方向,寻找问题的实时Pareto最优解。算法采用二次映射编码消除星地资源组合中的无效解,降低了算法的搜索空间,提高了算法的求解速度。经仿真校验,该方法在信号采集过程中,可以得到收益较好的星地资源调度方案,且具备较快的收敛速度。     

干摩擦面上接触应力分布的混合分析法

为准确而方便地获得诸如航空发动机风扇（转子）叶片凸肩（叶冠）之间的干摩擦接触面上的应用力分布，将光测弹性实验方法与有限元数值计算方法结合，建立一种求解接触应力的滋合法。用云纹干涉法提取光弹模型接触面的位称作为计算的边界条件，获得接触面上的接触应力。该方法提高了计算方法的精度和效率，也克服了单纯用实验方法求解接触应力的困难和花费大的缺点。应用混合法分析了航空发动机带凸肩风扇叶片在高速旋转时凸肩间接触面上的接触应力，比较混合法一光弹性法所得接触应力分布，两的结果比较一致。